Strep+Throat

=__**Disease/Drug of interest** : __=

**Motivation and Background** :
Strep throat is an infection that is caused by a bacteria known as group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus that causes pain and inflammation in the throat. Many common symptoms of strep throat are high fever, white or yellow spots on throat or tonsils, coughing, swollen or tender lymph nodes, throat pain, nausea, headaches, and body aches. Strep throat is highly contagious and can easily be spread. Spreading of the infection can come from direct and close contact from the infected person. During the late fall and early spring time is when the infection begins to peak. Symptoms usually only last between five and seven days after one to three days of exposure. Most cases of strep throat effects age group of children and teens, but can still be seen commonly through adults as well. Serious cases of strep infection can lead to inflammatory illnesses such as scarlet fever which is a disease that has similar symptoms of strep throat but is often characterized with a severe rash. Scarlet fever is a bit more severe than strep throat, but can be treated through medication as well. Strep throat also can lead to more severe diseases such as kidney inflammation, and rheumatic fever.

//Fig 1. Group A beta- hemolytic streptococcus bacteria that causes strep throat// [1] Group A Streptococcal https://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-public/index.html (accessed Feb 3, 2017). [2] Shulman, S. T.; Bisno, A. L.; Clegg, H. W.; Gerber, M. A.; Kaplan, E. L.; Lee, G.; Martin, J. M.; Beneden, C. V. Clinical Infectious Diseases2012, 55 (10), 1279–1282. [3]Kaur, S. P.; Rao, R.; Nanda, S. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 2011, 03 (03), 30–37.
 * References: **

**External links:**
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/strep-throat/home/ovc-20165963 http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/strep-throat/symptoms-causes/dxc-20165964 http://www.webmd.com/oral-health/tc/strep-throat-topic-overview#1 http://www.healthline.com/health/strep-throat?m=0&rw1

=__**Target Information** : __= Beta Lactam Antibiotics bind to Penicillin binding proteins due to the similar chemical structures and inhibits the synthesis of a bacterial cell wall.

=
They can be found in the cell wall of a bacterial cell. The PBPs are found in the last stage of peptidoglycan, which the main component of the cell structure. =====

** Function in a normal cell ** :
Penicillin binding proteins help with the synthesis of a bacterial cell wall. The GT domain of the PBP pulls peptidyl lipids sugars from the membrane and catalyzes them, thereby creating a peptidyl sugar backbone. This backbone structure is then passed to the TP domain, which cross-links the peptides to construct peptidoglycan components of the bacterial cell wall. When a beta-lactam antibiotic binds with a PBP, the beta-lactam amide bond is broken and forms a covalent bond with the catalytic serine residue at the PBPs active site. This inactivates the enzymes present in the cell wall. =__**Drug Information**** : **__= Amoxicillin  //Fig 2. Molecular structure of Amoxicillin// C 16 H 19 N 3 O 5 S
 * Schematic figure of drug ** :
 * Formula ** :

365.404 g/ mol
 * Molecular weight ** :

 26787-78-0 <span style="background-color: #fcfbfb; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 15px; vertical-align: baseline;">capsules, chew able or dispersible tablets, or liquid syrup
 * CAS Number ** :
 * Delivery method ** :

Amoxil
 * Side effects ** :Common side effects of amoxicillin are nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, rash, and or swollen, black tongue.
 * Other names ** :

Amoxil, Trimox, Amoxicot, and Moxatag
 * Maker or company ** :


 * Is it patented ** ? Yes
 * Clinical Trials Info ** : N/A

__** Origin ** : Penicillin __

Cefalexin //Fig 3. Molecular structure of Cefalexin//
 * Alternatives to this drug ** :

Formula: [|C16H17N3O4S] Molecular Weight: 347.389 g/mol CAS Number: <span class="_Xbe kno-fv">15686-71-2 <span class="_Xbe kno-fv">Delivery Method: This can be taken orally as a liquid or capsule. Side effects: stomach pains, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, joint pain, and vaginal itching or discahrge Marker: Keflex Is it patented? Yes
 * Miscellaneous ** :


 * Other uses ** : can this drug be used to treat other diseases/conditions? Cefalexin is commonly used for bacterial infections such as middle ear or urinary tract. It can also treat pneumonia.